http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/ 2012-05-17T12:55:03-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/ http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/lib/images/favicon.ico text/html 2012-05-17T12:28:14-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=playground:playground&rev=1337272094&do=diff1337272094 Discuss the article and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Coating technologies Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich to top Discuss the article and ask questions in our Materials Forum ---------- Related internal links * Coating technologies-introduction * Surface preparation * Alkaline cleaning * Electroplating * Diffusion layer * Electroplating alloys * Electrolytic co-deposition * Nickel electroplating * Tin alloy electroplating * Silver plating * Copper p… text/html 2012-05-12T12:28:50-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=sidebar&rev=1336840130&do=diff1336840130 Main page About us Advertising Opportunities Metals Ceramics Polymers Composites Fluids Materials Data Materials Links Contents Array 10 most popular articles Latest articles Create a new article Edit articles Contact us Terms of use text/html 2012-05-12T09:50:02-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=engine_bearing_failure&rev=1336830602&do=diff1336830602 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Engine bearings are small and relatively inexpensive components of internal combustion engines however failure of an engine bearing commonly leads to serious reconditioning works of the engine including its disassembling, regrinding the crankshaft and replacing the bearings. Factors affecting normal functioning of engine bearings: text/html 2012-05-12T09:47:17-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=hydrodynamic_journal_bearing&rev=1336830437&do=diff1336830437 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Hydrodynamic journal bearing is a bearing operating with hydrodynamic lubrication, in which the bearing surface is separated from the journal surface by the lubricant film generated by the journal rotation. Most of engine bearings are hydrodynamic journal bearings. text/html 2012-05-12T09:46:35-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=full_index_of_articles_on_metals&rev=1336830395&do=diff1336830395 back to Contents * Fundamentals of metals * Metals crystal structure * Solid solutions * Diffusion in alloys * Grain structure * Imperfections of crystal structure * Crystallization * Basic processes in metals * Solidification * Phase transformations and phase diagrams * Microsegregation * Basic principles of heat treatment * Spinodal decomposition * Plastic deformation text/html 2012-05-12T09:45:54-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=latest_articles&rev=1336830354&do=diff1336830354 * Hydrodynamic lubrication theory * Glass transition * Electropolishing * Ultrasonic processing * Surfactants * Alkaline cleaning * Diamond-Like Carbon * Anti-stiction coatings for MEMS * Adaptive tribological coatings * Geometrical parameters of engine bearings * Tribological properties and applications of alumina * Enhancement of adhesion * Fabrication of Ceramic Matrix Composites by Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) * Black copper oxide coating * Tribology of polymers *… text/html 2012-05-12T09:45:27-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=effect_of_low_viscosity_oils_on_engine_bearings&rev=1336830327&do=diff1336830327 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Low viscosity oils produce less friction and therefore decrease the fuel consumption and combustion gas emissions. One of the consequences though of lowering oil viscosity is a decrease of the minimum oil film thickness. The shaft surface is getting closer to the bearing surface. This increases the failure threat level of such factors as surface roughness, s… text/html 2012-05-12T09:45:07-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=selection_of_engine_bearing_materials&rev=1336830307&do=diff1336830307 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Selection of bearing material suitable for a particular engine should be based on the following engine parameters: text/html 2012-05-12T09:44:17-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=polymer_based_engine_bearing_overlays&rev=1336830257&do=diff1336830257 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Modern design of internal combustion engines has a tendency to reduce the weight and dimensions of the engines and to increase their power and rotation speed. In addition to this the engine designers are required to diminish the fuel consumption as a response to more strict regulations of air pollution, expensive crude oil and climate change (greenhouse effect… text/html 2012-05-12T09:43:33-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=sputter_bearing_overlays&rev=1336830213&do=diff1336830213 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich [Sputter bearing.png] Sputter overlays are deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method. Sputtering utilizes argon ions for bombarding a cathodically connected target, made of the coating material (normally Al20Sn or Al40Sn). Sputtering process: text/html 2012-05-12T09:43:12-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=tin_based_engine_bearing_overlays&rev=1336830192&do=diff1336830192 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Tin based overlays contain copper (3-6%) as a hardening component. The alloys are developed to replace toxic lead based overlays. Tin based overlays possess excellent corrosion resistance and cavitation resistance. Overlay multilayer system of Sn6Cu alloy deposited on the bi-layer diffusion barrier Ni-SnNi allows to create a microhardness gradient across t… text/html 2012-05-12T09:42:49-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=lead_based_engine_bearing_overlays&rev=1336830169&do=diff1336830169 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Lead based alloys are still widely used as overlay materials mainly in copper based tri-metal bearings. However in many applications the alloys containing toxic lead are replaced with new developed lead-free materials. Lead based overlay materials have excellent soft anti-friction properties (compatibility, conformability, embedability) but relatively low fat… text/html 2012-05-12T09:42:26-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=manufacturing_bi-metal_strips_for_aluminum_bearings&rev=1336830146&do=diff1336830146 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Most Aluminum based bearing materials have bi-metal structure: aluminum alloy bonded to a steel back. Bonding of the two layers is performed by cold Rolling of a continuously cast strip of aluminum bearing alloy together with a strip of low carbon steel (carbon 0.08-0.12%). Technology of manufacturing bi-metal strips for aluminum bearings: text/html 2012-05-12T09:42:01-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=continuous_casting_of_aluminum_based_bearing_alloys&rev=1336830121&do=diff1336830121 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Horizontal continuous casting methods are used for manufacturing Aluminum based bearing materials. The alloys are cast in form of continuous strips (either cut-to-length or coiled). The aluminum casting is then cold rolled and backed with a steel strip in order to obtain bi-metal structure. text/html 2012-05-12T09:41:38-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=aluminum_based_bearing_materials&rev=1336830098&do=diff1336830098 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Aluminum based Engine bearing materials provide a good combination of a moderate fatigue strength (load capacity) with a moderate level of anti-friction properties (compatibility, conformability, embedability). Most aluminum based bearing materials have bi-metal structure. The manufacturing technology of aluminum based bearing materials includes continuous c… text/html 2012-05-12T09:41:18-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=manufacturing_bi-metal_strips_for_copper_bearings&rev=1336830078&do=diff1336830078 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich The following processes are used for manufacturing bi-metal strips for copper based engine bearings: * Sintering process for copper based bi-metal strips * Casting process for copper based bi-metal strips text/html 2012-05-12T09:40:54-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=copper_based_bearing_materials&rev=1336830054&do=diff1336830054 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich The design of internal combustion engines has a tendency of decreasing the engine dimensions. This tendency leads to more compact bearings and consequently to higher specific alternating loads applied to them. [Tri-metal sintered bearing.png] Copper based Engine bearing materials provide superior fatigue strength (load capacity). Copper based bearing alloy… text/html 2012-05-12T09:40:25-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=engine_bearing_materials&rev=1336830025&do=diff1336830025 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Most engine bearings have layered structure, which provides optimum combination of the bearing material properties: fatigue strength (load capacity), seizure resistance (compatibility), wear resistance, conformability, embedability, corrosion resistance, cavitation resistance. According to the number of the main functional bearing layers the bearings may be m… text/html 2012-05-12T09:39:59-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=engine_bearing_fatigue_test&rev=1336829999&do=diff1336829999 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich The internal combustion engines are characterized by cycling loading of the bearings caused by alternating pressure of combustion gases in the cylinders and inertia forces developed by accelerating parts. Oscillating loads applied to a part may cause Engine bearing failure as a result of the material Fatigue. This occurs if the load exceeds the fatigue strengt… text/html 2012-05-12T09:39:37-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=requirements_to_engine_bearing_materials&rev=1336829977&do=diff1336829977 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Engine bearing materials compromise between high mechanical strength (Fatigue strength, hardness) and anti-friction properties (seizure resistance, conformability, embedability), which are characteristic for soft materials. In order to meet such contradictory demands the bearing materials are designed to have composite structure: - Particulate composite havin… text/html 2012-05-12T09:39:09-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=mechanisms_of_wear&rev=1336829949&do=diff1336829949 to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Wear is the removal of the material from the surface of a solid body as a result of mechanical action of the counterbody. Wear of Engine bearings is the removal of the bearing material from its surface caused by sliding friction between the bearing and the crankshaft. Wear may combine effects of various physical and chemical processes proceeding during the friction between two counteracting materials: micro-cutting, micro-ploughi… text/html 2012-05-12T09:38:44-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=geometrical_parameters_of_engine_bearings&rev=1336829924&do=diff1336829924 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich * Hydrodynamic lubrication * Oil clearance * Excentricity * Crush height * Crankshaft * Crankcase * Connecting rod text/html 2012-05-12T09:37:48-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=lubrication_regimes&rev=1336829868&do=diff1336829868 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Sliding friction is significantly reduced by an addition of a lubricant between the rubbing surfaces. Engine bearings are lubricated by Engine oils constantly supplied in sufficient amounts to the bearings surfaces. Lubricated friction is characterized by the presence of a thin film of the pressurized lubricant (squeeze film) between the surfaces of the beari… text/html 2012-05-12T09:37:29-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=bearings_in_internal_combustion_engines&rev=1336829849&do=diff1336829849 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich * Internal combustion engine * Functions of bearings in internal combustion engines * Lubrication of the bearings in internal combustion engine text/html 2012-05-12T09:36:44-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=hydrodynamic_lubrication_theory&rev=1336829804&do=diff1336829804 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich A theoretical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication was carried out by Osborne Reynolds. The equations resulted from the analysis has served a basis for designing hydrodynamically lubricated bearings. text/html 2012-05-12T09:25:31-04:00 http://www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=engine_bearings&rev=1336829131&do=diff1336829131 Array Discuss the subjects and ask questions in our Materials Forum to Metals * Bearings in internal combustion engines * Engine parameters determining bearing loading * Lubrication regimes * Hydrodynamic journal bearing * Hydrodynamic lubrication theory * Geometrical parameters of engine bearings * Mechanisms of wear * Requirements to engine bearing materials * Engine bearing fatigue test * Engine bearing materials * Copper based bearing materials * Manufacturing bi-metal …